Improved p process of treating peteoleuk fob the manufacture of lubbicating-oils



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GIDEON 0. SPENCE, or TITUSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIAASSIGNOR T0 HIMSELF,-

an. WILLIAMS, AND J. s. LATHROP, 0F SAME'PIJAGE.

Letters Patent'lv'o. 78,545, datecZJ-mie 2, 1868.

an Stlgsbtlt mm tuiiillgne itfitttfillltnf no noting parts-f th'e' sane;

TO; ALL wuoiurr MAY corronnug H Be it known that I, GIDEON O. SPENCE, of the cityof- Titus ville, county of Crawford, and State of Penn;v

sylvun'ia, have invented a new and impro'vedMethocl ot Treating Crude Petroleum nnd-Coal-Oil, and their Products, in theltlanufactureof Lulnticating-Oil; and I do hereby'dcclare that the following is a full, clear,

and exact description thereof, from which. othersslkilled in the art maybe able to ma ko use of-tl1e same.

In the manufacture of lubricating-oil-by my'process, I use, as a base, crude 'petrolcum orcoal,-oil, or their products, and, in said process, the treatment, so far as relates to thechemicais used and theirproporjtions, depends some'uhat upon the gravity'of the hydrocarbon used as a base, 11nd alsonpou that of the manufactured oil.

I; will. proceed to describe my method of treatment, and,,.for the sake of'fconvenieuce, \i'ill assume-that the residuum of crudepetroleum, or result of distillation, is to be usedas a basQsay of a gravity of 30 'Baum, or thereabouts. I y i I first run the residuum into a receiver, in nr'hichhas'bebn placed a quantity of ohlor'idebi sodinmwr any of the haloid salts) as a solventin the proportion of about one pound to each forty gallons. I heatthe same to about 150 Fahrenheit, or sufficiently-to thoroughly mixntlro ingredients 1 then decantiinio a second receiver, and add hydrated potassa, (or' any alkali of the same or similar chemical and elcetricalsctiom) as a solvent, to the amount of about one pound to forty gallons, more or less, as theggravity-may be lower or higher.

I then add muriate of ammonia, (or any of the equivalent hydro-salts,) as a saponifier, inthc proportion of about two pounds to forty gallons, and deca'n't to a third receiver, where I add spirits ofturpentinc, linseed-oil, or oil oflike solvent property, as a solvent and deodoriz'er, inproportion of about one-gallon to three hundred. I

also add flour of sulphur, in the proportion of aboutione p'cuud to forty gallons, to destroy cohesion or tenacity;

Sufficient heat should be applied during the process to thoroughly mix the ingredients.

When treated according to the above description, the manufactured oil retains perfect fluidity at a temperature of zero, while lard and other animal lubricating-oils congeal in winter at a temperature of 32, or above.

For spring, summer, and autumn use, and foruse in warm climates, I should ordinarily use only two of the above chemicals, namely, hydrated potassa and muriate of ammonia, or their equivalents, adding one or all of the others above named, as peculiarities ofthe trade may require. I a

The proportions of the chemicals given above are by no means arbitrary, as, for instance, the use of double the given quantity of either would probably .do no positive harm, wbilea less quantity would sulliee in some instances; but the proportionsgiven are suchasl'. deem suflicient and best in practiem They will depend somewhat upon the gravity of the base used, as well ns-tlie gnavity: and 'qualityrequired for the manufactured oil,

the said proportions being somewhat greater or less, as the gravityof-the base may be lOM'Ci or higher than that assumed, (30';) but, fromthe abovedeseription, anyskilled chemist or'manipulator of oils will be enabled to judge'of 'the amount of variation in proportion required jn practice. v I l So far as I know, all manufactured lubricating-oils heretofore made-have proved deficient in lubricating qualities, as compared with lard. and other animal oils, while the latter are entirely too costly for many'usesi 'Machinists have given my lubricating-oils (made by each of the above formul'te) a thorough trial, and pronounce them fully equal. to the best animal oils, without liability to. eongeal in the coldest weather, and, at present prices,'tbe cost of my oil will be about one-third that of a good 'quality'of lard-oil.

For the sake ofconvenience in future reference, and'also for reference in my appended claims, I have designated the chemical ingredients used in my process by numbers, and in the order in 'which they are named above, as follows: v I p First. Chloride of sodiumor any of the haloid salts. Used as a solvent. Second. Hydrated potassa, or any alkali of the same or similar chemical and electricalaction alsoused as a solvent.

' Third. Muriate of :immonia, or any one of the hydro-salts. This serves as a saponifier, and rendei s the oil less combustible. v

Fourth. Spirits of -turpentiue, linseed-oil, or oil of lilte solvent property. Used us a solvent and deodorizer.-

Fifth.- Flour of- 'siilphur, to destroy cohesion or tenacity. v Having thus desc -ib'ed my method of treatment, whnt I claim as my invention, and desire to'secure by Letters Patent, is-'.

1. The use ,of the" first chemical ingredietifl'herein specifiedg'in. the miinufactur'e 10f lubrieating -oil from petroleum or coal-oil, or'their products, for the purpose specified. 5

2. The use of the second chemicalgiugredieut,herein specified, in the manufacture of luhricating-oil from petroleum on coql-oil, or their products, for-the purpose specified. I p v 3. The use of the third chemical in'gredienhherein specified, in the manufaictnrepfluhpicating-oil fi'om petroleum or coal-oil, or their products; for the purpose specified,

4. The use of the fourth chemical ingredient, herein specificd inthemanufacture ofdubi icat itrg bil from petroleum or coal-011,61: their products fo" the purpose specified. 3 1; I

, 5.f The use of thefifth chemical ingredient, hereinj specified, in the 'mnnufactui e-ol' 'lubricating-oil from petr'bleumor coal-oil, or their products, for the purpose specified.

6.'The'use of the second and thii'dichemieal ingredients, herein specified, 'in comhina tiom' in the inanufacture of lubricatin'g oil from petroleum oieoal-oil, or their prod v' cts substantially asand fot' the purposes specified.

I. The use of the five chemical ingredients, herein specified, in combination, in the manufactureoflubricating- I oil from petroleum or coal-oil, ortheir products, s'ubstohtially asjand for the purposes specified. V I GIDEON O; SPENCE. Witnesses: v

ANDREW B. Hownmn, J. J. HOLDEN 

